Parathyroid adenomas are noncancerous, benign tumors of the parathyroid gland. The parathyroid gland controls calcium use by the body, as well as its removal. This is done by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH controls calcium, phosphorous, and Vitamin D in the body.
Women over the age of 60 are at the highest risk for parathyroid adenomas. Excessive radiation to the neck and head may also increase this risk. Parathyroid adenomas may be due to genetics. The most common type of parathyroid adenoma is hyperparathyroidism, which increases calcium levels in the blood.
Sometimes there are no visible or noticeable symptoms. Parathyroidism is often discovered from blood tests done for other medical exams. Some symptoms that may suggest a parathyroid adenoma are fractures, confusion, constipation, kidney stones, lethargy, muscle pain, and nausea.
Treatment may include surgery or estrogen replacement for post-menopausal women.
Tests for diagnosis are 24 hour urine tests, bone density exam, or an ultrasound of the neck.
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